Insect mitochondrial (mt) genomes are of great interest in researching on molecular evolution, phylogenetics and population genetics. Aphidoidea have about more than 5 000 known species including some agricultural, forestry and horticultural pests. However, only nine complete mt genomes have been previously released in this insect group since the first one, Schizaphis graminum (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Aphidinae) in 2004. Herein, we present the complete mitochondrial genome of Eriosoma lanigerum, the first species from the subfamily Eriosomatinae. This study takes this species as an example, combing the research during past 12 years, and concludes the general methods to obtain, analyze and annotate the complete mitochondrial genome of aphid species.
In this report, genetic variation and phylogeny of B. acheilognathi were analyzed based on 96 samples collected from 20 fish host species in 29 different localities by using the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences. The ITS1 and ITS2 sequences of B. acheilognathi varied among 561–639 bp and 559–648 bp, and ten simple sequence repeat loci (microsatellites) were detected in the ITS regions, which contributed to significant sequence length variation. Phylogenetic analyses revealed 4 genetic clades (A, B, C, D) in samples with significantly different fish host spectra and geographic distribution. Clade A possessed a wide host range and geographic distribution, including all the samples of B. acheilognathi determined in previous report. Clades B, C, and D only infected the small cyprinid fishes Opsariichthys bidens and Zacco platypus, and were limited to different locality. Interesting, Clades A and D were detected coexisting in same water body, and even in same fish host O. bidens in Danjiangkou Reservoir. The relatively higher genetic divergence and wide geographic distribution of B. acheilognathi parasitic in O. bidens indicated that O. bidens is likely to be the primary host. Sympatric occurrence of the two genetically distinct clades suggests the possibility of allopatric speciation and second encounter events.
Three new species of eriophyoid mites from Shaanxi, China are described and illustrated, namely Leipothrix araliae sp. nov. infesting Aralia chinensis Linn.(Araliaceae), Calepitrimerus akebis sp. nov. infesting Akebia trifoliata (Thunb.) Koidz.(Lardizabalaceae), Calepitrimerus rhus sp. nov. infesting Rhus chinensis Mill.(Anacardiaceae), respectively. All the new species described here are vagrants on the undersurfaces of leaves of the respective host plants.
The family Dipteromantispidae, previously with only two genera and three species, is one of the enigmatic groups of the Cretaceous Neuroptera by the mantispid-like appearance combined with strongly reduced hind wings specialized into a haltere-like structure. A new genus and species of Dipteromantispidae, namely Halteriomantispa grimaldii gen. et sp. nov., is herein described based on an exquisitely preserved specimen from the mid-Cretaceous amber of northern Myanmar. It represents the first record of Dipteromantispidae from the amber deposit of mid-Cretaceous (Albian-Cenomanian) of Myanmar. A brief discussion on the homology of forewing venations and female genital sclerites of Dipteromantispidae is given.
Two new species, Bioramix (Cardiobioramix) globipunctata sp. nov. and B. (C.) liupanshana sp. nov., were discovered on Mt. Liupan in Ningxia, China. A checklist and a key to the known Chinese species of the subgenus Cardiobioramix are provided.
As a part of ongoing investigations on Neolucanus from Chinese fauna, N. swinhoei hengshanensis Ichikawa & Fujita, 1987 is confirmed as a junior synonym of N. imitator Kriesche, 1935 based on the types examination. Holotype of the little-known species of N. tao Kriesche, 1935 and the male genitalia are illustrated for the first time, in comparison with the sympatric species of N. guangxi Schenk, 2009. Wrong diagnoses of N. nitidus (Saunders, 1854) are pointed out in two widely used books published by Japanese researchers. In order to correct these errors, type specimen of this species and its intraspecific variations are exhibited, with brief discussion on its problematic subspecies. The poorly known species of N. pallescens Leuthner, 1885 is redescribed with the discovery of its false type specimen. All of the type habitus, figures of male genitalia including female genitalia are given.
The bee genus Thrinchostoma Saussure, 1890 is reported from China with a new species and a new record species, T. (Thrinchostoma) yunnanense Niu & Zhu, sp. nov. and T (T.) sladeni Cockerell, 1913. An illustrated key to the two Chinese species of the subgenus Thrinchostoma (T.) is provided. The type specimens are deposited in Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Three new species of the annulitibia-group of the genus Macrophya Dahlbom (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) in Mts. Qinling from China are described, namely M acrophya brevicinctata Li, Liu & Wei, sp. nov., M. qinlingium Li, Liu & Wei, sp. nov. and M. rugosifossa Li, Liu & Wei, sp. nov. A key to all known species of the annulitibia-group from China is provided. The specimens examined in this study are mostly deposited in the Insect Collection of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China, including all holotypes and some paratypes of the new species. Other paratypes of the new species are deposited in the Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
