A new species of free-living marine nematodes that belongs to the family Richtersiidae Kreis, 1929 was found in the Yellow Sea and is described herein as Richtersia sinica sp. nov. The new species is characterized by a body length of 402–430 μm; a multispiral amphidial fovea with 4–4.5 turns in males and 1 turn in females; longitudinal rows of spines beginning at the mid-pharyngeal level in both sexes; paired spicules that differ in both shape and length; the right spicule being slender and elongated, 3.9–4.9 times cloacal body diameter in length, with a bifid proximal end; the left spicule being thick and short, 1.7–2.3 times cloacal body diameter with an enlarged cephalate proximal end; the gubernaculum being plate-shaped, gradually narrowed at both ends, lacking apophyses; and the tail short and conical. An updated key for the identification of valid species of Richtersia is provided.

Three new species of the earthworm genus Amynthas Kinberg, 1867 (Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) are described from southern China using an integrative taxonomic approach, which combines morphological traits and molecular phylogenetic analyses of the mitochondrial COI gene, namely Amynthas ganzhouensis Sun & Jiang, sp. nov. (Jiangxi), A. redactus Sun & Jiang, sp. nov. (Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan), and A. yixingensis Sun & Jiang, sp. nov. (Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Anhui). A. ganzhouensis Sun & Jiang, sp. nov. is assigned to the A. morrisi-group based on two pairs of spermathecal pores (sp) located at intersegments 5/6–6/7. A. redactus Sun & Jiang, sp. nov. is placed in the A. corticis-group, exhibiting four pairs of spermathecal pores at intersegments 5/6–8/9. A. yixingensis Sun & Jiang, sp. nov. exhibits intraspecific variation in the number and position of spermathecal pores: some populations conform to the A. sieboldi-group (three pairs of pores at 6/7–8/9), while others align with the A. corticis-group (four pairs at 5/6–8/9). Molecular analyses of the mitochondrial COI gene further confirm the distinct species status of these three taxa. These discoveries expand the known diversity of Amynthas in southern China.

Corydasialidae is one of the extinct families of Neuroptera, currently comprising six genera and ten species from several Cretaceous and Eocene deposits. Here we describe a new genus and a new species of Corydasialidae from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, namely Punctocorydasialis zhiqiae gen. & sp. nov. The new genus can be distinguished from the other genera of Corydasialidae by the forewing with pigmented marking pattern, and the RP with all branches simple, and the A1 distally pectinated.

A new species, Anthrenus (Anthrenodes) xizangensis Zhou, Háva & Da, sp. nov., is described based on a series of specimens recently collected in Lhasa, Xizang, China. The new species is illustrated and compared with its morphological similar species: A. himalayensis Háva, Wachkoo & Maqbool, 2019, A. katrinkrauseae Háva, 2018, and A. occultus Háva, 2006. It differs in the scale coloration and pattern, as well as in the antennae and male genitalia. A comparative diagnosis and a distribution map of known similar Anthrenus species are provided.

The genus Neoennearthron Miyatake, 1954 is newly recorded from China, with a new species, N. baoshanense sp. nov., described and illustrated. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners mainly by the morphology of the male genitalia: tegmen with a broadly rounded apex, the middle part of the apex not directly connected, only joined by tissues with low sclerotization, and concave at the middle; apicolateral corners deeply emarginate and elliptically convex with a notch in dorsal view. An updated key to all known species of the genus Neoennearthron is also provided.

Three new species of the genus Microhoria Chevrolat, 1877 from Mêdog, Xizang, China are described: M. asperispina sp. nov., M. medogensis sp. nov., and M. zhugensis sp. nov. Images of the habitus and major diagnostic characters of all new species are provided as well as habitat photographs of M. asperispina sp. nov.

In China, only one genus within the subfamily Masarinae was recorded. In this paper, the nominate genus of the subfamily, Masaris Fabricius, 1793, is newly recorded and described in detail from China, with the illustrations of the species Masaris longicornis (Kuznetzov, 1923). Meanwhile, some field observation records of M. longicornis are provided for the first time.

Liopterids (Hymenoptera: Liopteridae) are key parasitoids of wood-boring forest pests, such as jewel beetles (Buprestidae), longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae) and horntails (Siricidae). In this paper, four species of Paramblynotus Cameron, 1908 are reported from China for the first time, namely P. atratus Liu & Kovalev, 2007, P. marginatus Liu & Kovalev, 2007, P. pausatus Liu & Kovalev, 2007 and P. scaber Belizin, 1951. Distributional data and an updated key to the Chinese members of the P. scaber species-group are provided, which increase the known of Chinese liopterids fauna and supply a foundation for future biocontrol studies.

Global warming has emerged as the predominant trend in global climate change, with forecasts suggesting a rise in the occurrence and severity of extreme weather phenomena. As a result, ectothermic animals have become ideal model organisms for investigating the potential impacts of climate change on global biodiversity. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is a widely used technique for gene expression analysis. However, stable reference genes suitable for accurate normalization of transcriptional data across lizard samples have not yet been established. In this study, three skink species—Scincella modesta, S. reevesii, and Ateuchosaurus chinensis—were selected as model organisms to evaluate the expression stability of eight candidate housekeeping genes (18S rRNA, EF1α, ACTB, GAPDH, HPRT1, YWHAZ, RPS15, and RPS18) under nine distinct temperature conditions (6°C, 10°C, 14°C, 18°C, 22°C, 25°C, 28°C, 32°C, and 36°C). The Delta Ct method, BestKeeper, NormFinder, GeNorm, and RefFinder were utilized to assess expression consistency and to identify the most suitable reference genes, as well as the ideal number needed for reliable normalization. The results indicated that under varying temperature conditions, the best-performing internal controls were RPS18 and RPS15 for S. modesta; RPS18 and EF1α for S. reevesii; and RPS15 and YWHAZ for A. chinensis. Furthermore, RPS18, RPS15, and EF1α were identified as a stable and commonly applicable set of internal controls for RT-qPCR normalization across all three skink species and are recommended as reliable reference genes for use in related lizards exposed to thermal stress.