As a part of ongoing investigations on Neolucanus from Chinese fauna, N. swinhoei hengshanensis Ichikawa & Fujita, 1987 is confirmed as a junior synonym of N. imitator Kriesche, 1935 based on the types examination. Holotype of the little-known species of N. tao Kriesche, 1935 and the male genitalia are illustrated for the first time, in comparison with the sympatric species of N. guangxi Schenk, 2009. Wrong diagnoses of N. nitidus (Saunders, 1854) are pointed out in two widely used books published by Japanese researchers. In order to correct these errors, type specimen of this species and its intraspecific variations are exhibited, with brief discussion on its problematic subspecies. The poorly known species of N. pallescens Leuthner, 1885 is redescribed with the discovery of its false type specimen. All of the type habitus, figures of male genitalia including female genitalia are given.