The taxonomy of the Chinese Schoenobiinaeis revised. In total, 12 genera and 49 speciesare recognized. This paper presents keysto the genera and species,illustrations of wingvenation for eachgenus, and line drawings of genitalia of mostspecies. Two new species, namely, Schoenobius scirpus sp.nov. and Ramila minima sp.nov., are described. The female of Scirpophagaadunctella Chen,Song, and Wu, 2006 isreported for the first time. Donacaula forficellus (Thunberg, 1794) reported by Wang (1980) is proven to be a misidentification of S. scirpus sp.nov. The diagnostic characteristics of Schoenobiinae and the taxonomic status of some generaare discussed. Acropentias, Leechia, Brihaspa, and Promacrochilo are suggested to be removedfrom the subfamily because these genera do not share any synapomorphiccharacters with Schoenobiinae.