The largest superfamily Entomobryoidea is one of the key groups in Collembola. However, incorrect recognition of chaetotaxic homology within Entomobryoidea severely impedes the accurate species comparison of adults and phylogenetic reconstruction. Traditional classification of the superfamily at suprageneric level is disputable in the light of recent advances. Transformational homology of tergal chaetotaxy was traced and revised based on 38 species of first instar and partial early instars. Morphological phylogenetic reconstructions were reconstructed mainly relying on first instar characters using both parsimony and likelihood-based algorithms. Outgroup selection and several rogue taxa impacted on resolution and support of otherwise well-supported clades. Integrating published molecular phylogeny, a revised classification of three families and nine subfamilies was presented: Orchesellidae, Entomobryidae and Paronellidae. Orchesellidae includes all basal taxa having a short fourth abdominal segment. Cyphoderidae and Microfalculidae taxa were sunk into Paronellidae. New Paronellidae was divided into two subfamilies: Paronellinae (Paronellini + Cyphoderini + Bromacanthini) and Salininae (Cremastocephalini + Callyntrurini). Microfalculidae (Microfalcula) was closer to Salina and Akabosia and thus transferred into Cremastocephalini. This study erected a new classification framework for Entomobryoidea based upon comprehensive phylogenies. Chaetotaxic homologization across a wide range provided a standardized, comparable, powerful tool for taxonomy.

A new species of white-toothed shrew, Crocidura anhuiensis Zhang, Zhang & Li, sp. nov. is described from Mount Huang, China. Genetic sequence (mtDNA Cyt b gene) and morphological (external and skull) data are used to distinguish this newly discovered species. The phylogenetic analysis shows that the materials of this work are monophyletic and allied to C. attenuata by the uncorrected genetic distance 4.9–5.1%, which suggests a species-level divergence. Morphologically, the materials are different from C. attenuata by presenting a greater proportion of tail-to-body ratio and the presence of an obvious tooth root in the mandible. Based on those data, the unnamed species is described as a new species which is currently known only from the Wild Monkey Valley, Mount Huang, Anhui Province, China.

Three dimensional morphology of Melanopopillia hainanensis Lin, 1980 is reported firstly by using Micro CT technology, including internal and external structures. The male of M. hainanensis is described for the first time. A key to the species of Melanopopillia is given. This study shows an example of the potential application on the 3D morphology in invertebrate taxonomy, especially in the comparison of important structures with complicated 3D morphology, e.g. aedeagus, muscles.

The booklice genus, Liposcelis (Psocodea: Liposcelididae), owns some stored product pests and have economic importance. In this study, 6 booklice specimens from Sri Lanka were collected and identified based on morphological and molecular data. According to the morphological and phylogenetic analyses, the samples were identified as Liposcelis entomophila. The mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) and second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) were sequenced for phylogenetic work. The phylogenetic trees show that the samples assemble with L. entomophila together and could be distinguished with other Liposcelis spp. apparently. The genus Liposcelis and the species L. entomophila are firstly reported in Sri Lanka.

Immature stages of Lymanopoda caracara Pyrcz, Willmott & Hall, an endemic butterfly from the paramo life zone in the Andes of Ecuador, are described and compared with those of L. schmidti Adams from Colombia. Larval morphology is illustrated for four instars. Drawings of head chaetotaxy and setal maps are provided for the first time for the genus. The host plant is identified as a dwarf bamboo Chusquea villosa (Clark) (Poaceae). Striking individual variation among adults of L. caracara is discussed.